Quantum Mechanics
Ancient Civilizations
Ancient civilizations were complex societies that developed in various parts of the world, characterized by urban development, social stratification, forms of government, and symbolic systems of communication such as writing systems.
Space Exploration
Space exploration involves the investigation of outer space through manned and unmanned missions. It has led to significant scientific discoveries, technological advancements, and a better understanding of the universe and our place in it.
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. It has applications in medicine, agriculture, and research, allowing for the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), gene therapy, and synthetic biology.
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to natural intelligence displayed by animals including humans. AI research has been defined as the field of study of intelligent agents, which refers to any system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of achieving its goals.
Renewable Energy
Renewable energy comes from natural sources that are constantly replenished, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power. It is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.
Backpropagation in Machine Learning
In machine learning, backpropagation is a method used to compute gradients for training neural networks. These gradients guide the optimization algorithm in updating the network's parameters, enabling the model to learn from data and improve its performance over time.